Claudia wonders, almost enviously, how being touched in this way feels, but Frieda rejects this questionwhat is important is not how she feels but what has been done to her and how her parents react. With fresh memories of fighting and living in squalid, open-air trenches, the French spent a decade building a 300-mile (482-kilometer) series of underground fortifications that would be both impenetrable and comfortable to live in. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. [16] When the Control Commission was dissolved, the commissioners in their final report issued a blistering statement, stating that Germany had never sought to abide by Part V and the Reichswehr had been engaging in covert rearmament all through the 1920s. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. After that, her marriage with Cholly deteriorates rapidly. [26] Germany had to import most of its iron, rubber, oil, bauxite, copper and nickel, making naval blockade a devastating weapon against the German economy. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. The community knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line. The moment where she loses her tooth in the movie theatre is painful: juxtaposing Pauline as an awkward, gap-toothed, pregnant black woman to the idealized (and illusory) image of Jean Harlow on the screen shows the power of these images to destroy a black woman's belief in her own beauty. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Their father's reaction, while violent, demonstrates the love he has for his family, which is contrasted later when Cholly rapes Pecola, simultaneously failing to protect her and acting as the aggressor. However, the French line was weak near the Ardennes Forest. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . He is a religious hypocrite. However, he noted that the French failed to use the line as the basis for an offensive. But when Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, they quickly backed out of the Treaty of Versailles and began equipping for a much different kind of war. "Maginot and these other guys weren't dumb," says Kirchubel. The latter meant the next war's destructive consequences would not take place on French soil. He goes to Macon, where his father supposedly resides. 14. Ultimately, any tender feelings Cholly has for Pecola are transformed into a desire to consume her. Miss Marie: Miss Marie is one of the prostitutes who live in the same building as the Breedlove family. Pecola, who calls the Maginot line by her true name, Miss Marie, explains that she is not dangerous. [24] The Germans were expected to fight costly offensives, whose failures would sap the strength of the Reich, while the French waged a total war, mobilising the resources of France, its empire and allies. GradeSaver, 27 August 2019 Web. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). While most of the giant underground fortresses of the Maginot Line were abandoned or destroyed, you can visit a few of them, still in working order. [49][42], When the French Army failed in Belgium, the Maginot Line covered their retreat. How did this happen? The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Continue to start your free trial. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. She has not yet learned the self-hatred that plagues her peers. Teachers and parents! A rapid advance through the forest and across the River Meuse encircled much of the Allied forces, resulting in a sizeable force having to be evacuated at Dunkirk leaving the troops to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France.[3]. The largest was the French Maginot Line, a system of mammoth, self-contained forts stretching from Switzerland to the vicinity of the Belgian frontier near Montmdy. Stewart, Amber ed. She reacts to the little white girl by soothing her, by promising to replace the cobbler, which shows both her own servitude and her preference for the white child over her own daughter. In contrast, the propaganda about the line made it appear far greater a construction than it was; illustrations showed multiple storeys of interwoven passages and even underground rail yards and cinemas. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. . (one code per order). He has a gruff manner toward little Black girls. Humiliated but also powerless, Cholly keeps at it until the hunters grow bored and leave. Another complication was Holland, and the various governments never resolved their problems.[29]. They live above the Breedlove apartment and befriend Pecola. The elderly woman who raises Cholly. [23], The Maginot Line was intended to block the main German blow if it should come via eastern France and divert it through Belgium, where French forces would meet and stop the Germans. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates. The girls both admire her and are jealous of her. [18] The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with subterranean concrete shelters was the most rational use of French manpower. A decoy force sat opposite the line while a second Army Group cut through the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as through the Ardennes Forest, which lay north of the main French defences. Both static and mobile artillery units were assigned to defend the Maginot Line. He was opposed by modernists such as Paul Reynaud and Charles de Gaulle, who favoured investment in armour and aircraft. Subscribe now. [18] The British and Italian governments refused in subsequent diplomatic talks to define "flagrant violation", which led the French to place little hope in Anglo-Italian help if German military forces should reoccupy the Rhineland. . [35] The idea was shelved. 7 turrets for mixed weapons + mortar of 50mm (2.0in). Maginot was another veteran of World War I; he became the French Minister of Veteran Affairs and then Minister of War (19281932). Complete your free account to request a guide. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty. Her family, looking for a better life, migrates from Alabama to Kentucky while she is a girl. It's possible to see an unsettling connection between the blonde dolls and the blonde daughters of families that employ black servants: in playing with little blonde dolls, black girls must either pretend the child is theirsand so negate their own race and deny their own beautyor they must pretend that they, like Pauline, are servants caring for the children of white employers. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Miss Marie is overweight and kind, China read analysis of China, Poland, and Miss Marie Maureen Peal The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. Nonetheless, in 1927, the Inter-Allied Commission, which was responsible for ensuring that Germany complied with Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, was abolished as a goodwill gesture reflecting the "Spirit of Locarno". Contact us [23] The fact that the Wehrmacht embraced the strategy of Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) with the vision of swift wars in which Germany would win quickly via a knockout blow was a testament to the fundamental soundness of the concept of la guerre de longue dure. ", Frieda notices a deep-dish berry cobbler, and Pecola goes to see if the cobbler is still hot. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". More scarring and memorable than any prior source in the novel, Pecolas own mother reinforces the message the girls have been receiving about the superiority of whites. This reassured allied civilians. Subscribe now. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. It may be, though, that such an accusation coming from girls she thought might be innocent only makes the accusation more painful for Miss Marie. She finds a permanent job working for a wealthy and warm-hearted white family called the Fishers. This moment is something to bear in mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances. The false sense of security contributed "to the development of the "Maginot mentality". LitCharts Teacher Editions. The heavy fortifications were designed to block the most direct line of attack into France and avoid repeating what happened in WWI, when the German forces occupied large swaths of the strategically important Alsace-Lorraine region. As a young boy, Cholly has a great friend in old Blue Jack, an older black man who works at the feed store. Maureen is light-skinned and wealthy. "The Maginot Line was meant to stop a World War I-style attack of infantry and artillery, and it did what it was supposed to do," says Kirchubel, who's written multiple books on World War II military campaigns. Pecola and the MacTeers leave the house in shame, laundry bag in tow, and as they leave they can hear Mrs. Breedlove fussing over the little white girl, who is crying. Telephone Network: This system connected every fortification in the Maginot Line, including bunkers, infantry and artillery fortresses, observation posts and shelters. The theme of love's scarcity can be seen in the treatment of Marie and the other prostitutes, whose names recall their vulnerable status. 2. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. Your spam folder not dangerous fortified position that would seal the frontier '' workplace drunk investment in and! 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