The rowan tree is a small to medium ornamental flowering tree with an attractive crown consisting of pinnately compound leaves. The excellent shade from this locust tree comes from the exceptionally wide canopy coverage. Other ways to identify trees by their leaves include: Here is a list of many types of common trees that grow in forests, woodlands, fields, and gardens. Being a member of the Robinia genus, there is a small oval leaflet at the tip of each leaf. You can find buckeyes growing in the deciduous forests and grasslands in the Midwest. Unlike olive trees, all parts of the oleander shrub are toxic if eaten by people or pets. Her love for writing came from a young age as she loves to research and write about a wide range of topics. Serviceberries are native to North America and grow widely throughout the United States and Canada. The small to medium-sized trees are easy to grow in full sun as an ornamental tree or shade tree, and they grow well in containers. Locust trees can live for over a hundred years, and the wood is one of the hardest woods from any deciduous tree. However, the average black tupelos height in residential settings is 30 to 50 ft. (10 15 m). Flowers on the smoke tree are distinctive airy plume-like panicles consisting of small five-petalled flowers. The sweet-smelling flowers are also a source of nectar for honey bees. Dogwood trees are small to medium-sized trees, growing between 10 and 25 ft. (3 7.6 m) tall. The Eastern White Pine is notably lovely with its sprawling, soft long needles and clustered open pine cones. Hint: To remember trees with opposite leaves think MAD Buck: Maple Ash Dogwood Palo verde trees also have distinctive green bark that create visual appeal. Although referred to as the vitex tree or chaste tree, the vitex plant generally grows as a sizeable bushy shrub. It is suitable for planting in USDA zones 4 through 9. In addition, some species of hackberry, like the sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), are common in Texas and other warm states in the south. First used for its quick growth as ornamental trees, these trees have made their home in all parts of Ohio, quickly reproducing. Alders are large deciduous trees that grow well in wet areas. Redwoods are the tallest trees and have slender trunks. entries. Its also fast-growing and able to withstand a variety of environmental conditions. Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), also known as European Buckthorn, is an invasive shrub found throughout Ohio, the greater Midwest, and a large portion of the eastern United States. - Common. Arborvitae trees are tall, native, evergreen, and hardworking trees and shrubs. However the tree performs just well in compacted clay soil as in sandy, loamy soil. Remove dead or diseased wood. Tulip trees are flowering deciduous trees in the genus Liriodendron and magnolia family Magnoliaceae. Redwood trees are the largest and tallest trees on the planet. American Basswood trees (American Linden) thrive in USDA zones 3 8, but they may also grow in sheltered areas of zone 2. Fringetree - Chionanthus virginicus. are a garden staple known for thorny leaves and showy berries. Some of the most well-known trees with thorns are the locust tree, acacia tree, hawthorn tree, and floss silk tree. . The terminal buds of many twigs of Common Buckthorn are actually modified spines and give a thorny character to this noxious shrub (three spines are shown). It grows well along rivers and on wetlands. Most species of crape myrtle trees thrive in USDA zones 7 through 10. Mesquite trees thrive in USDA zones 7 through 11 in full sun and well-draining soil. They thrive in USDA zones 4 through 9, full to partial sun, and well-drained soils. One of the common features of all types of cottonwood trees is the fluffy cotton-like strands that appear in early summer .These large trees can grow to between 50 and 80 ft. (15 24 m) and some species can grow even higher. Sycamore trees are fast-growing popular shade trees in city landscapes and parks. Even though the Black Cherry is considered invasive in Europe, its very beneficial to butterflies and moths in Ohio. However, some are thornless, making them more desirable for landscapes. Ontario Canada. If you want to plant a yew tree as a tall hedging plant, it is best to choose a shaded spot because the evergreen trees grow well in partial sun or deep shade. Hickory trees are deciduous trees in the genus Carya that are common in North America, China, and India. Pruning - Pruning should occur in winter, while the tree is dormant only after it is established (3 years). Loblolly Pine trees can reach a height of 98 to 115 feet. More Information on Trees Common Health Issues with Yard Trees What Is My Yard Tree Worth? There are numerous spikes covering the whole branches and trunk surfaces for the protection needs. It is highly favored for its light, airy foliage, slender trunk, and beautifully colored, peeling bark. The smoke tree or smoke bush is a deciduous shrub that can be trained to grow as a tree. The bark on bristly locust trees is gray and smooth. While it gets a bad reputation for rapid growth, it produces beautiful, dropping flowers and lovely foliage. However, the silk floss tree has jagged protrusions all the way up its straight trunk. Tree identification: Teak tree leaves are large and ovate with a smooth surface and edges. Popular in garden landscapes, crape myrtle trees produce masses of red, pink, purple, and white flowers throughout the summer. Pecan trees are also a type of hickory tree as they are in the Carya genus and their botanical name is Carya illinoinensis. They are indigenous to North America and Asia. It also is a fall favorite, sporting gorgeous colors in the fall months. Trees provide shade, shelter, oxygen, and many even produce fruit. About one in eight are opposite. With its spiny stems, the devils walking stick grows up to 26 ft. (8 m) tall. It is tough and strong and adapts to a wide range of soil types, including salty, wet, dry, and swampy soils. Eucalyptus plants are flowering trees and shrubs with over 700 species. They are stunning in the fall months, turning shades of burnt orange and purple. Catalpa trees are flowering deciduous ornamental shade trees with large, heart-shaped or triangular leaves, white or yellow fragrant flowers, and long, slender dangling seed pods appearing in fall and persisting until winter or even spring. Laurus nobilis is a multi stemmed evergreen tree or large shrub with aromatic, dark-green, lance-shaped leaves, clusters of pale-yellow flowers, and small black berries. 17 years ago. The osage orange treethrives in USDA zones 4 to 9. Although the Podocarpus plant is commonly called the Japanese yew, its not a true member of the Taxaceae family, which the yew belongs to. The trees are famous for their brightly colored orchard-like flowers that bloom in winter and persist until early summer. Due to its vast spread, the flame tree is an excellent blooming shade tree for hot, humid climates. Pine trees produce hard cones and their leaves are clusters of needle leaves. Zelkova trees are cold-hardy in USDA zones 5 to 8. Also called the cherry plum tree, the purple leaf tree also produces small edible plum-like yellow or red edible fruit. Crabapple fruits are generally up to 2 (5 cm) in diameter and can be yellow, amber, orange, red or purple. Cherry plum tree leaves are identified by their pointed ovate shape with serrated margins and a deep red or rich purple color. What should I do? Most species of sumac are deciduous trees that lose their leaves in the fall. In fall, the leaves of deciduous basswood trees turn pale yellow to yellowish-green. Willows are deciduous flowering trees and shrubs that prefer very moist soil. The identifying features of a boxelder tree are its thick, multi-stemmed growth, irregular canopy, and dense foliage. Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) is a small deciduous tree or multi-stemmed shrub that sends up suckers. It grows to a height of 50 feet, at maximum. Cottonwood trees are common in North America, Europe, and some parts of Asia. When Bradford pear was introduced . Further reading: Hazel Trees and Shrubs Identification Guide. Depending on the species of birch, the smooth bark can be dark gray to white. American chestnut tree (Castanea dentata). The other common type of catalpa tree is the Chinese catalpa (Catalpa ovata), which is native to China. These soil and light requirements need to be matched in the landscape site. Spruce trees are slow growing and are important in the building industry. Tree identification: Maples can be woody shrubs growing about 33 ft. (10 m) tall or large majestic trees up to 150 ft. (45 m) tall. The medium-sized boxelder thrives in full sun or part shade and performs well in most soils. It is spread via bird consumption and subsequent dispersal to surrounding areas, much like Amur Honeysuckle. The Norway Spruce is the fastest-growing of all spruce trees, making them perfect for newly built homes. When pruning, heavy gloves and goggles should be worn. You can find it in southern Michigan to central Mexico and east to New Jersey. Hawthorns are a type of tree or shrub that is native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) is a small deciduous tree in the heath family Ericaceae. The best place to plant a laurel tree is in an area with full sun and free-draining soil. Acacia trees are fast-growing and relatively short-lived trees that grow between 20 and 30 years. Mimosa Trees (Albizia Julibrissin): Facts, Flowers, Leaves (Pictures), Mesquite Trees: Types, Leaves, Flowers, Bark - Identification Guide (With Pictures), Eastern Red Cedar Tree With Pictures and Identification, Types of Trees With Thorns (Pictures and Names) - Identification Guide. Native to the Midwest, the Kentucky coffee tree is identified by its irregular oval crown with open branches that provide partial shade. It has very beneficial properties for soil, making it a delight to have in parks or personal properties. At first, the shortcomings could be written off. Locust trees are hardy trees that are known for their hard and durable wood that is used for making furniture, fence posts, flooring, and small boats. The red horse chestnut is a hybrid tree of the Aesculus hippocastanum and Aesculus pavia (red buckeye). Crabapple trees (botanical name Malus) are like miniature apple trees (Malus domestica). Magnolia trees and shrubs adapt to various soil types and grow well as long as the soil is well-draining. The species of locust trees are divided into two genera: Robinia and Gleditsia. Black locust trees grow to between 40 and 100 ft. (12 30 m) with exceptional varieties reaching heights of 171 ft. (52 m). From lush wetlands to the Appalachian Mountains, the state is home to several natural wonders of Midwestern America. The Blackgum tree is a smaller Ohio native that loves moist well-drained soils, though it can tolerate mild drought. The Green Ash tree is a tall, thin tree with elongated leaves and reddish-purple fruits. Most species of dogwood are fast-growing ornamental trees that are ideal for garden landscapes. Cherry trees have glossy green oval leaves with pointed tips and serrated edges. The Ohio Buckeye tree is a trademark symbol of the state. Further reading: Chokecherry Tree: Leaves, Chokecherries, Flowers Identification. Thorny trees, like the locust tree, have clusters of sharp spikes on their trunks. View or save the documents by clicking on the PDF link. It is especially attractive to birds, providing food and adequate shelter to house wildlifeincluding its long paired acorns. Black Raspberries These pods contain a sweet, honey-like substance as with all honey locust trees. The Australian Pine is an incredibly fast-growing, hardy pine tree that thrives in less than optimal conditions. Flowering Dogwood - Cornus florida. Sassafras trees are relatively fast-growing trees that grow between 12 and 24 (30 60 cm) a year. Many varieties of locust trees have long sharp thorns and there are a few thornless species. You can find sweetgums growing in eastern North America from Connecticut to Florida and as far west as Texas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Further reading: Orchid Tree (Bauhinia): Types and Care Guide. Some of these are native, while others are non-native, planted species. Sweet bay laurels thrive when they get at least six hours of sunshine daily. Spiky hawthorn shrubs grow between 15 and 45 ft. (5 - 14 m) tall. Further reading: Kentucky Coffee Tree Identification and Care. The purple leaf plum tree is a beautiful ornamental flowering tree with dark burgundy or purple leaves, fragrant whitish-pink spring blossoms, and an attractive shape. The Pitch Pine has quite a wide range of growth that depends on the environment its in. Also called smoke bush, the colorful deciduous tree creates a spectacular visual interest in a garden landscape from spring until fall. However only the female species of cottonwood trees produce the white fluff for which the tree is known. Other names for hawthorns include thornapples, hawberries, mayhaw, or May-tree.. However, some species can reach heights of 60 ft. (18 m). Locust trees are hardy trees that are known for their hard and durable wood, fragrant sweet spring flowers, and colorful fall foliage. The exception to this is the desert museum palo verde hybrid, which is a thornless tree. USDA Zone 3 The cockspur hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galis) a native tree from Quebec southward to North Carolina, so it tolerates the cold associated with zone 3. Ohio buckeyes are found all the way from New York to Kentucky and down to Texas. Also called the flame of the forest, peacock flower tree, flamboyant tree, or flame tree, the royal poinciana is known for its masses of showy red-orange flowers in late spring and early summer, fern-like leaves and mahogany seed pods. Popular American basswood cultivars include Carolina basswood, Redmond basswood and white basswood. Copyright 2023 House Grail. Yew (botanical name Taxus) is a genus of slow-growing coniferous evergreen trees and shrubs. Tree identification: Walnut tree leaves are alternate and are comprised of leaflets that grow opposite each other. Furthermore, because the zelkova trees are related to elms, the tree also goes by the name Japanese elm. Species of juniper trees are tall columnar evergreens that grow between 66 and 103 ft. (20 40 m) tall. Mesquite trees are short and thorny with feathery leaves, white or yellow flowers, and seed pods containing peas. Cedar trees are also popular for their aromatic wood and fragrant foliage. The weeping katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Pendulum) is a small to medium-sized tree with droopy branches that grows up to 20 ft. (6 m) tall and 15 ft. (4.5 m) wide. Green Hawthorn - Crataegus viridis. The sandbox tree produces small red petal-less flowers, large ovate leaves up to 2 ft. (0.6 m) wide, and small roundish pumpkin-like fruits that explode when ripe. Sassafras trees grow best in full sun to partial shade. The attractive features of the Purple Robe locust tree are its young red leaves that turn to blue-green and then turn yellow in fall. The purple leaf plum tree grows between 15 and 25 ft. (4.5 8 m) tall and thrives in USDA zones 4 through 9. Just like the black locust, the species of honey locust grows in many different environments and thrives in full sun. The cherry plum tree Purple Pony is suitable for small, compact gardens. In addition, Common Buckthorn serves as the alternate host for a type of fungal rust (Puccinia coronata) that devastates oats and other cereal grains. Buckeyes are deciduous ornamental trees that are popular in parks and open spaces. Sort the documents by clicking on a column heading. Further reading: Tabebuia Tree: Types, Leaves, Flowers (with Pictures) Identification. Tulip trees are relatively fast-growing but grow for between 15 and 20 years before the trees produce flowers. Ash trees are a species of hardwood tree in the genus Fraxinus and family Oleaceae. Typically, a chokecherry trees grows between 3 and 20 ft. (1 6 m) tall and up to 20 ft. (6 m) wide. Oak trees are divided into two groups: white oaks (Quercus, subgenus leucobalanus) and red oaks (Quercus, subgenus Erythrobalanus). - OR - Do the twigs and branches not have thorns? They add a lot of greenery to the environment and are hardy, pest-resistant, and disease-resistant. It is drought and pollution tolerant, making it hard to stop. These facts make ornamental pear trees popular for front and backyards. They are often commercially grown, bought, and sold due to the desirable quality of their wood. It has simple, oblong, green leaves that turn yellow during fall. These varieties are marked by colorful fall leaves, bright spring flowers, sweet fruits, and breathtaking canopies that make Ohios landscape worth looking at. However, frost rarely affects the roots, and vitex bushes come back to life the following spring. Because of their fast growth and extensive root system, mesquite plants are considered invasive in some areas. Cherry trees grow in USDA zones 5 through 9. There are 18 species of hickory trees, 12 of which are native to North America. Growing for between 50 and 150 years, the American hornbeam tree reaches an average mature height of 20 to 30 ft. (6 10 m). Usually, hazel trees and shrubs produce nuts after two or three years. Although damp ground is ideal for growing black tupelo, the tree tolerates occasional drought. In addition, the foggy conditions common along the northern Pacific coast allows redwoods to thrive. 15 "Quakies" clone themselves and spread aggressively. Cherry trees (Prunus) are spectacular deciduous flowering trees that bloom in spring. Oaks also produce acorns which are oval-shaped nuts sitting in a small cup-like structure called cupule. Because they bloom earlier in the springfrom March to mid-April, Bradford pears. The leaflets are 0.6 to 1 (1.5 2.5 cm) and are arranged alternately on the leaf stem. Unlike traditional birch you see, the bark is very dark brown. The New Mexico locust tree is also called the southwestern locust or hojalito. Yews are cold-hardy evergreen trees that thrive in USDA zones 3 to 7. The most common types of beech trees are the American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia) and the European beech tree (Fagus sylvatica). Autumn Brilliance Apple Serviceberry Tree (Amelanchier grandiflora Autumn Brilliance). Most hawthorn trees grow between 515 m (1649 ft.) tall and have edible berry-like fruit. Division of Natural Areas & Preserves. 07 Trees being cut on adjoining property and crossing property line. The trees dark green leaves contrast with the beautiful pink hibiscus-like flowers. Its also very beautiful in the fall months when its most vibrant. Willows can be large weeping trees, dwarf trees, or low-growing creeping shrubby plants. But the most important factor when planting a bay laurel tree is that the ground is well-draining. Tulip trees thrive in USDA zones 4 to 9. The Eastern redbud tree is named for where it commonly grows, which is in eastern North America. The leaves usually hang on late into autumn. Shingle Oaks are less common than many other beech species. Its bark is both smooth and rough in patches contrasting nicely between light and dark. Its bark gives the illusion of shedding or peeling. Some botanists give the tree the botanical name Handroanthus. Although specific care varies from one holly species to the next, all holly tees like . Wild grapes are native to the edges of woodlands in central and eastern North America. . Hazel is a group of large deciduous multi-stemmed shrubs or trees in the plant genus Corylus and the birch family Betulaceae that produce tasty round hazelnuts. For conifers, Ohio is home to pines (Pinus strobus, zones 3-8) and cypress trees (Taxodium distichum, zones 5-10). These oaks are super hardy, working well in even unfavorable soilsand its even drought tolerant. A characteristic of boxelder trees is their multiple trunks that can form dense thickets like huge shrubs. It produces fluffy cotton blooms that can contribute to allergies, but these trees make for great climbing. Many types of apple trees have ovate leaves that come to a point. The main complaint of the ginkgo tree is the offensive stink from the fruit. Also called wattles, acacia trees grow best in full sun and well-draining, loamy, or sandy soil. There is also Black Locust, but maybe not in Louisiana. The tree is known for its distinctive thick, dark gray-black scaly bark and sweet, orange fruit that it produces during fall. They grow between 10 and 25 ft. (3 7.5 m) tall and up to 20 ft. (6 m) wide. 13 A nearby property owner is burning trash and the smoke is bothering us. The following guide originates from Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them by Harriet L. Keeler and applies to some flowering trees which are indigenous . Holly trees can grow between and 30 and 80 ft. (10 24 m) tall. They are late bloomers, though, being one of the last to sprout. Also called the black gum or sour gum, the deciduous tree is identified by its oval, dark green glossy leaves, bark resembling alligator skin, clusters of inconspicuous greenish-white flowers, and bluish-black fruits. Pine is an evergreen coniferous that is fast growing and long lived tree. Seed pods, or legumes, mature in early fall. Tree identification: Apple tree leaves are alternate and simple and their shape is egg-shaped. The leaves grow alternately on stems and have 3 to 5 lobes with toothed edges. Examine the flowers that develop on some of Ohio's shrubs. Read more: True and False Types of Cypress Trees. Leaves on the skyline honey locust tree are pinnate or bipinnate containing pairs of small, ovate leaflets. Typically growing in USDA zones 5 through 8, you can easily grow a stunning dwarf cherry blossom tree in full sun and well-drained, fertile soil. Also called the European mountain ash, the European rowan tree performs best in USDA zones 3 through 7. Any kind of fruiting tree or vegetable likes a lot of sun," said Jamie Hemenway-Peotter, who usually has lemon and lime trees of varying sizes in stock at her Roots on 9th floral shop and . They have interesting branching patterns, creating trusty whimsical branches. The shoots of a Shining Willow are greenish-brown to grey-brown. Mountain Silverbell - Halesia tetraptera (H. carolina) Mountain Stewartia - Stewartia ovata. It produces a green bitternut that is specific to the species. Blue palo verde tree (Parkinsonia florida) in bloom. It is known for its distinctive, downward-hanging branches and large, cylindrical cones around 9 to 17 cm long. Native Plants Lists. It is still commonly sold in Ohio, especially cultivated variants. Chestnut trees perform best in full sun and loamy, well-draining soil. If it is growing next to blackberries, the shape of the leaves will imitate blackberry. This variety has the term inermis which means that the Sunburst honey locust is a thornless tree. Spruce trees make up many of the types of forests in North America and are a type of coniferous evergreen tree. Sycamore trees can grow to huge proportions with some reaching heights of 130 ft. (40 m). American Larch (Larix laricina) is a popular type of larch and is native to Canada and the northeastern states of the US. It was even described as one of the best cultivars of trees developed in the 20th century. Pawpaw is a small deciduous tree indigenous to the eastern United States and Canada. Further reading: Types of Buckeye Trees with Their Flowers and Leaves Identification Guide. You can remove suckers around the central trunk to grow a single-stemmed chokecherry tree. Arborvitae trees require almost no care. The common hackberry is native to many states in the Midwest and Eastern areas of North America. Willow leaves can be greenish-yellow, bluish-green or have red blushing. Aspen trees are cold-hardy trees that thrive in USDA zones 2 through 8. Ornamental pear trees grow between 32 and 40 ft. (10 12 m) tall and around 22 to 30 ft. (7 9 m) wide. The spectacular feature of black tupelo trees is its eye-catching fall foliage, which can turn vibrant orange, bright red, yellow, or purple shades. Certain species of hardwood and softwood trees are excellent for timber, making furniture, and paper. Although both plants are arching thorny brambles, you can easily differentiate them by looking for the white coating on the stems of the black raspberry plants and the raised ridges on the stems of the wild blackberry plants. These trees produce the edible chestnuts we love, developing tons of fruits yearly. 13 A nearby property owner is burning trash and the smoke is bothering us. The Eastern Redbud is a small tree or a large deciduous shrub indigenous to eastern North America. Rather than growing to 80 or 100 ft. (24 30 m), the sunburst honey locust only reaches 40 ft. (12 m) in height. The katsura tree thrives in USDA zones 4 through 8 and performs best in full sun to partial sun in moist, well-drained soil. The Tree of Heaven is a fast-spreading deciduous tree in Ohio. Its often an excellent choice for yards due to its shade coverage, reaching 70 feet wide. Black walnut trees are useful for people and wildlife alike. However, they are also tolerant of drought and withstand the hot sun. The tree derives the name "Honey" from the sweet, honey-like substance found in its pods. The outstanding characteristics of the purple smoke tree are oval to egg-shaped deep purple leaves, clusters of tiny yellow flowers that develop into wispy plumes, and a compact growth habit. Aspen trees are flowering medium-sized deciduous trees belonging to the genus Populus. The native tobacco sumac (Rhus virens) is an evergreen variety with glossy green, leathery leaves. It is found in major cities across the United States as a popular street tree. There are about 35 species of elm in the genus Ulmus. In natural conditions, a Pawpaw tree can grow to a height of up to 25 feet. Its often a great choice for a shade tree and the lime green needles are unique and gorgeous. Fall color is green or chartreuse, then abscising. 11 What trees should I plant on my property? Mesquite is the name for several large deciduous shrub-like trees in the genus Prosopis and pea family Fabaceae. True cedar trees are in the plant family Pinaceae and the genus Cedrus. Most types of locust trees grow in the eastern states of North America. They make great accents for doors and main gates. Sumac (genus Rhus) is a group of flowering small trees and shrubs. Cypress trees such as the Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) and the Mediterranean Cypress / Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) are true cypress trees. Elm leaves are classed as broad-leaves that can be between 7 and 16 cm long and their ovate shape tapers to a point. The osage orange tree is a mid-sized, multi-stemmed tree with sharp thorns on its interlacing branches. The Hackberry tree is often well known for its wide range of adaptability, able to survive in some less than favorable conditions. One of the world's largest organisms of this tree is Pando, located in a quaking aspen forest in Utah. Unlike the black locust, the honey locust tree trunk has thorny branches growing around it. These thorns tend to be sharp. - Common. The Loblolly Pine is one of the many pine tree species native to the Southeastern United States. The Bigtooth Aspen is a tap oval shaped tree that provides decent shade: these trees love the sun and prefer to grow in areas that get plenty of it. Flowers on purple leaf plum trees are usually the first to appear in spring. In open woodlands, its not unusual to see colonies of sassafras that are all connected to the same parent tree. An issue with growing tulip poplars in garden landscapes is that they can be messy. Purple leaf plum trees (Prunus cerasifera) are also calles cherry plum trees. Black Oak trees are highly useful for surrounding wildlife, as they produce acorns for nourishment. (5 - 12 m). Read more: Cottonwood Trees: Facts, Identification, Pictures and More. Further reading: Types of Ornamental Flowering Pear Trees Fruitless Pear Trees. These attractive blooms attract honey bees who are looking for nectar. This native tree grows throughout the Eastern United States from Florida, Louisiana, and North Carolina north to Pennsylvania. It has large, broad, and hairy leaves with beautiful white flowers. 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