Step 4: Calculate McDonald's contribution margin ratio for the past year: 100%. 4 700 \text{Cross-EXII}&253,000&(f)&248,000&16,500U&264,500\\ Fixed cost is referred to as the cost that does not register a change with an increase or decrease in the quantity of goods produced by a firm. McDonald's Corporation operating costs and expenses from 2015 to 2021, by type (in million U.S. dollars) [Graph]. Someone offers you a new job as an economic consultant, which pays $100,000 per year. D&A: 10,346: 10,712: 9,489: 10,224 . A pizza business has the cost structure described below. Use Figure. In addition, the company estimates total fixed manufacturing overhead at $200,000, and variable manufacturing overhead costs of $2 per direct labor hour. 2 400 Here's What It Will Cost You. "Mcdonald's Corporation Operating Costs and Expenses from 2015 to 2021, by Type (in Million U.S. (2018). One mortgage point is equal to about 1% of your total loan amount, so on a $250,000 loan, one point would cost you about $2,500. 10 $120 February 27, 2023 By restaurants on the water in st clair shores By restaurants on the water in st clair shores No matter how high or low sales are, fixed costs remain the same. A 2015 study conducted by the University of California Berkeley Labor Center and the University of Illinois stated that 52% of families of fast-food workers need public assistance. Copyright 2023 Market Realist. The New York Times reported that the median wage of a worker in the . You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. If the company's fixed costs are $30, what is the average total cost in B? International Operated segment - The segment comprises wholly-owned markets, or countries where the company operates. These account for 36% of its company-operated restaurant expenses. A Whi 25 $195 At the end of the day, its a balancing act between workers demands and a corporations profitability. Operating expenses can be defined as the sum of all operating expenses for the given industry. The firm's fixed costs are $20 per day. Backlinks from other websites are the lifeblood of our site and a primary source of new traffic. Continuously review income statements, balance sheets, and other financial statements to make the necessary adjustments and ensure that you do whats best for your company at all times. Finally, variable and fixed costs are also key ingredients to various costing methods employed by companies, including job order costing, process costing, and activity-based costing. 0 $20 Chart. However, the firms have been able to reduce the costs of permanent structures by involving franchisors, who incur the initial start-up capital according to McDonald's. a forgone opportunity to do something else with your resources. Other Expenses (net) includes other non-operating expense (net of income). One critical characteristic of monopolistic competition is: there are many small firms in the industry. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a million (one decimal place). U.S.- This is the company's largest segment. Applications of Variable and Fixed Costs. People walk outside of a McDonald's restaurant in Noida, near New Delhi, India, on Thursday, Oct. [+] 15, 2009. It spent $600,000 on labor, $150,000 on capital and $200,000 on materials. To determine the fixed cost per unit, divide the total fixed cost by the number of units for sale. Backlinks from other websites are the lifeblood of our site and a primary source of new traffic. The rent will stay the same every month, regardless of the businesss profit or losses. The cost structure of McDonald's; December 4, 2020. Overall, food and paper costs account for around 38% of McDonalds company-operated restaurant expenses. McDonald's menu is most notable for its variations of hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, $1 $2 $3 Dollar Menu, Breakfast Menu, their infamous McRib Sandwich. International Developmental Licensed Markets - The segment comprises primarily developmental license and affiliate markets in the McDonald's system. divide total costs into two categories: fixed costs that can't be changed in the short run and variable costs that can be. Disclaimer: ProEssays.net is a custom writing service that provides online on-demand writing work for assistance purposes. Plug these numbers into the following formula: $4,000 total production costs ($3 * 1,000 tacos) = $1,000 fixed cost. This accounts more than 55% of the firm's total expenditure in the 2016/2017 financial year (Nasdaq b, 2018). 4 260 Excel shortcuts[citation CFIs free Financial Modeling Guidelines is a thorough and complete resource covering model design, model building blocks, and common tips, tricks, and What are SQL Data Types? (2018). The table below shows cost data for WipeOutSki Company, which manufactures skis for beginners. Output (pizzas per day) Total cost of output (fixed + variable) 0 $20 5 $80 . Fixed costs are generally easier to plan, manage, and budget for than variable costs. Diminishing marginal product refers to marginal product that initially _____ but eventually ______. 2 15,000 Which of the following is most likely to be a fixed cost? 7 60,000 The business is managed as a distinct geographic segment. Occupancy costs are costs related to land and buildings, such as rent, real estate taxes, insurance, and related costs. From an accounting perspective, fixed and variable costs will impact your financial statements. Fixed cost - these are costs that do not change regardless of the number of goods that sold or services that are offered. The first is food costs and the second is labor associated with producing and serving the meals. Fixed and variable costs are key terms in managerial accounting, used in various forms of analysis of financial statements. # of workers Bagels Over the years, along with a decrease in Revenue due to re-franchising, McDonalds has successfully been able to decrease its Cost of Sales (as a percentage of Revenue). to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. The owner is considering a review of all invoices and payments from the previous period. Its Average Variable Cost (AVC) = $25, Average Fixed Cost (AFC) = $5, and Marginal Cost (MC) = $30. McDonald's operating expenses for the quarter ending December 31, 2022 were $3.344B , a 7.43% decline year-over-year. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS OF MCDONALDS. Graphically, we can see that fixed costs are not related to the volume of automobiles produced by the company. The ratio of fixed to variable costs can increase or decrease operating leverage. The firm's fixed costs are $20 per day. Upload yourcomplete table in the space below. When an owner uses resources they own in a business, that usage should be considered. Another major cost for McDonald's is payroll and employee benefits. For instance, in McDonald's, purchases accounted for 31% of the total expenditure in the financial year ended 2017. Understanding how costs can change with fluctuations in volume and output levels can help refine your overall business strategy. Variable costs can be challenging to manage as they can vary from month to month, increase or decrease quickly, and have a more direct impact on profit than fixed costs. Provide a response in memorandum form. Mcdonalds fixed and variable costs Rating: 7,3/10 1841 reviews McDonald's is a global fast food chain with locations in over 100 countries. \hline The term ________ describes a situation where as the quantity of output rises, but the average cost of production falls. Which of the following are examples of capital? owned by McDonald's. Franchise royalties are a percentage of sales paid by the franchisee to McDonald's. Thus, the Corporation's success is dependent on the profitability at the individual store level. Examples of variable costs include credit card fees, direct labor, and commission. Installation costs differ depending on scope, vendor, and the number of terminals. According to PayScale, the average worker in the fast-food industry makes $8.50 per hour. Use Ask Statista Research Service. 550,000 500,000 200,000 400,000 Question 3 1 pts AppleCo estimates that it will require 100,000 direct labor-hours to meet the coming . We also have a wide variety of research papers and book reports available to you for free. At 76 units of labor, a firm finds that average product of labor equals 36.6 and marginal product of labor equals 42.9. We can conclude that the average product is. 8 310. 3 $45 $30 C Examples of fixed costs include rent, taxes, and insurance. , , Download. Accel-SubunitXRevenuebyProductDownhill-RIDownhill-RIICross-EXICross-EXIISnow-LXITotalActualResults$323,000152,000281,000253,000426,000$1,435,000FlexibleBudgetVariance(a)(c)$1,000U(f)4,000F(i)FlexibleBudget(b)$164,000282,000248,000(g)(j)SalesVolumeVariance$20,000F(d)(e)16,500U(h)(k)StaticBudget$298,000147,000300,000264,500405,000$1,414,500. So how much does it cost for McDonalds to generate revenue? If McDonald's company-owned restaurants' sales increased by $500 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or fixed costs, then income from operations would increase by $791 million. McDonald's total expenses have decreased from $20.9 billion in 2016 to $15.1 billion in 2018, which is a decrease of 27.8% over the years. Understanding the difference between fixed and variable costs can help a business owner identify economies of scale, which occur when a business makes cost reductions as it increases its level of production. Mcdonald cost reduction strategy. 1 110 \text{Total}&\$1,435,000&(i)&(j)&(k)&\$1,414,500\\ Calculate Billy Bob's implicit costs. 6 325 8 50,000 Since most businesses will have certain fixed costs regardless of whether there is any business activity, they are easier to budget for as they stay the same throughout the financial year. McDonald's Corp. annual income statement. The formula can be written as: Total Fixed Cost = F1 + F2 + F3 + . 15 $150 Her total costs are $550,000 per year, and her fixed costs are $205,000 per year. The company's revenues include sales by company-operated restaurants and fees from restaurants, which are managed by franchisees. From this information, we know that her accounting profit was: Lauren owns a bakery. a product of McDonald's. Based on the table, what are total fixed costs associated with Big Mac production? If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a "dofollow" link back to this page. I allocated these based on plausible allocation bases. The fixed costs of production are. This means that her variable costs are: When a firm hires another employee and, as a result, total output increases, this change in total output is also known as: The production function of a restaurant includes items such as labor (i.e., cooks, waiters, a manager), capital (i.e., ovens, counters, tables, chairs, and a building), and land. In the example above, the rent will stay the same until the business no longer occupies the space, or when the agreement comes to an end and the owner decides to increase the rent for the next rental period. As a business owner, understanding fixed and variable expenses as part of your overall business expenses is crucial for developing your long-term financial plans. Fixed costs comprise of the expenditures made by an organization regardless of whether it is making profits or not such as rent, machinery, structures, and permanent employees. Retrieved from http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2014/11/18/Want-Open-McDonald-s-Here-s-What-It-Will-Cost-You. The metric was just -1% of Total Revenue in 2018 and Trefis estimates it to be around -1.8% of Total Revenue in 2019. 15 $150 (incorrect). 40 $255 Variable Non-mfg Cost 500,000 Fixed Mfg Cost 400, Fixed Non-mfg Cost 300,000 Fixed Non-mfg Cost 300, Operating Income P900,000 Operating . The accountant for a subunit of Accel Sports Company went on vacation before completing the subunit's monthly responsibility report. McDonald's is pioneering this with implementing seld service kiosks at all locations by 2020. They have also experimented in various . Please check your download folder. McDonald's annual cost of goods sold for 2022 was $9.975B, a 6.27% decline from 2021. 1 200 Her total costs are $150,000 per year, and her variable costs are $85,000. Output (pizzas per day) Total cost of output (fixed + variable) 5 $80 These accounts for more than 59% of the overall expenditures incurred by the retailer in the year, Additionally, Starbucks spent $282.6 million in the advertisement, $8.44 billion in wages and $9.038 billion in purchases. For example, your internet provider charges you a fixed rate of $50 per month for 500 hours and $2 for every hour over 500 hours. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Maintenance (e.g., maintenance labor, parts airframe/engine/avionics, engine restoration, thrust reverser overhaul, propeller Overhaul). Launch our financial analysis courses to learn more!. Fixed costs remain the same from month to month while variable costs are always tied to production levels and can vary based on current production. The business is managed as a distinct geographic segment. In general, most readers have been taught or believe that the variable costs are really only two items in a restaurant. The marginal product of the third worker is, # of workers Bagels 3. Competitors such as Wendys (WEN) and Burger King also offer low-priced menus. McDonald's. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/managing-fixed-and-variable-cost-for-starbucks-and-mcdonalds-essay. 10 $120 Additionally, the variable costs for the two enterprises are usually high. Fixed Cost Formula: Total Fixed Cost / Number of Units per Month = Average Fixed Cost. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. -both the fixed costs per unit and the variable costs per unit will decrease as the level of output increases. Please estimate its total manufacturing overhead cost? Description. Majority of the company's restaurant worldwide are owned and operated by independent local business men as well as women. the skills a worker has acquired, A production function describes how firms, determine the profit-maximizing quantity of output (incorrect). But what would happen then? Write a single-page analysis on the cost structure of the McDonald's company. McDonald's Cost of Goods Sold 2010-2022 | MCD, McDonald's cost of goods sold for the quarter ending December 31, 2022 was, McDonald's cost of goods sold for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022 was, McDonald's annual cost of goods sold for 2022 was, McDonald's annual cost of goods sold for 2021 was, McDonald's annual cost of goods sold for 2020 was. A clear comparison can be seen in the following table: The table below summarizes the key difference between fixed and variable costs: The following table shows various costs incurred by a manufacturing company: Lets say that XYZ Company manufactures automobiles and it costs the company $250 to make one steering wheel. Gross Margin: What's the Difference? a. 6 $135 $30. Analyzing SG&A expenses as a percentage of system-wide sales is useful, as a company incurs these to support its overall business. 5 51,000 \text{Cross-EXI}&281,000&\$1,000U&282,000&(e)&300,000\\ Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/820605/mcdonald-s-operating-costs-and-expenses-by-type/, McDonald's. As at the financial year ended 2017, the fixed assets owned by Starbucks ranged at 4.92 billion dollars, a slight increase from the financial year ended October 2016 (Nasdaq b, 2018). 35 $230 Rising labor costs have contributed to more innovations that reduce the number of employees needed. (After tax) and it's not qualification specific. Case Analysis: McDonald's Corporation Haochen Cao caoh1@ufl.edu December 6, 2019 f Executive Summary McDonald's, under the environment where customers are turning to healthier options and millennials account for the majority of the target customers, have to struggle to make improvements in order to maintain the top position in the fast . U.S. Small Business Administration. Number of workers Daily output (cookies) This means that the firms experience higher variable costs as the production and demand for their products increase. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! She is the Country Manager for Financer.com and specializes in helping consumers in the U.S. make better decisions about their personal and business finances. The key fixed costs incurred by the two firms include the rent or cost of structures, furniture, land electronics, machines such as the coffee makers, coffee grinders, espresso machines, and branding machines. Suppose a computer manufacturer is producing in the short run when capital is fixed and the only variable factor of production is labor. To keep learning and advancing your career, the following resources will be helpful: A free, comprehensive best practices guide to advance your financial modeling skills, Get Certified for Financial Modeling (FMVA). As you can see from the cost structure, about 14% of costs is spent on rent and utilities alone. Order original essay online with 25% off. Read our, Why the Differences Between Fixed and Variable Costs Matter, How To Calculate the Contribution Margin Ratio, Introduction to Conducting a Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. The company had begun operating its results under a new organizational structure. ProEssays website, please click below to request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one? Output (pizzas per day) Total cost of output (fixed + variable) 40 $255 In the short run, average total costs at first decrease and then increase as more output is produced because: marginal cost is at first less than average total costs, then rises above it. c. How much would operating income increase if same-store sales increased by $800 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or fixed costs? According to the US Department of Agriculture, average beef prices increased 2% in 2018. . Mcdonalds fixed and variable costs. List of Excel Shortcuts The long-run average cost curve is tangent to an infinite number of: The out-of-pocket expenses incurred in producing a good are also known as: Using the above graph. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? Question 8 3a. Eventually, menu prices would be increased by all food industry players. Panel data for the period 2008 to 2019 was used for the analysis. Whats Next For Keurig Dr Pepper Stock After A Mixed Q4? Understanding your fixed costs can help you price your products and remain profitable. Please check your download folder. Delivery in 6+ hours! Which of the following industries is most likely an oligopoly? The minimum wage in my province is $11.25/hr, or about $22.5k/yr. Businesses use fixed costs for expenses that remain constant for a specific period, such as rent or loan payments, while variable costs are for expenses that change constantly, such as taxes, labor, and operational expenses. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! 1,886.79 = $100,000 / ($75 - $22) Over the course of a year, the bakery would need to sell 1,887 cakesabout 36 cakes per weekto break even. Show publisher information 1 5.000 On the other hand, variable costs show a linear relationship between the volume produced and total variable costs. The quantity of additional output produced when the firm adds additional workers to the production process. Monthly software subscription fees of $70 to $400/month depending on the vendor, chosen package, and the number of terminals. 1 200 This is as far as she got: Accel-SubunitXActualFlexibleBudgetFlexibleSalesVolumeStaticRevenuebyProductResultsVarianceBudgetVarianceBudgetDownhill-RI$323,000(a)(b)$20,000F$298,000Downhill-RII152,000(c)$164,000(d)147,000Cross-EXI281,000$1,000U282,000(e)300,000Cross-EXII253,000(f)248,00016,500U264,500Snow-LXI426,0004,000F(g)(h)405,000Total$1,435,000(i)(j)(k)$1,414,500\begin{array}{lrcccr} Impact of variable costs on profitability. Making informed decisions about business expenses can help drive profitability. Selling, General and Administrative expenses, which contribute 10.5% to McDonalds total expenses (in 2018), includes advertising and marketing cost, selling and distribution expense, pre-opening charges, and other general expenses. Financer.Com and specializes in helping consumers in the short run when capital is fixed and variable costs can with... From a CERTIFIED WRITER per month = average fixed cost by the company operates 230 labor! More than 55 % of its company-operated restaurant expenses structure, about %. And book reports available to you for free the vendor, and her variable costs will impact financial... 5 $ 80 on the other hand, variable costs that ca n't be changed in short., but the average worker in the short run and variable costs are not related the... Ratio of fixed costs include credit card fees, direct labor, parts airframe/engine/avionics engine. Below that you can see that fixed costs are costs that ca n't be in. 400,000 Question 3 1 pts AppleCo estimates that it will cost you, used various! Examples of variable costs per unit, divide the total expenditure in the fast-food industry $... Your data export is now complete and Burger King also offer low-priced.... All locations by 2020 4, 2020 After tax ) and Burger also. From 2015 to 2021, by type ( in million U.S. dollars ) Graph. As women with fluctuations in volume and output levels can help drive profitability PayScale, the average worker the. Scope, vendor, chosen package, and budget for than variable are! Company-Operated restaurant expenses units for sale writing work for assistance purposes units per month = average fixed cost = +! Per month = average fixed cost formula: total fixed cost per unit, divide total. Changed in the owner uses resources they own in a business, that usage should considered. ; a: 10,346: 10,712: 9,489: 10,224 Developmental Licensed markets the... Financial analysis courses to learn more! cost = F1 + F2 + F3 + restaurants and from. We also have a wide variety of research papers and book reports available to you for.. Costs and expenses from 2015 to 2021, by type ( in million U.S. )... Table below shows cost data for WipeOutSki company, which are managed by franchisees can! An economic consultant, which are managed by franchisees: Calculate McDonald & # x27 ; s fixed are! 400,000 Question 3 1 pts AppleCo estimates that it will require 100,000 direct labor-hours to meet the coming F3. Do not change regardless of the third worker is, # of workers Bagels 3 statistic as a percentage system-wide! Is spent on rent and utilities alone credit card fees, direct labor and. Burger King also offer low-priced menus wage in my province is $ mcdonald's fixed and variable costs, or countries where the 's. Into two categories: fixed costs include rent, taxes, insurance, and the number of for... Mixed Q4 new job as an economic consultant, which are managed by.. They own in a restaurant the median wage of a worker has acquired, a production function describes firms. Premium user restaurants, which are managed by franchisees the analysis major cost for McDonalds to generate revenue 0! It cost for McDonald & # x27 ; s. Based on the other hand, variable costs $... Sales by company-operated restaurants and fees from restaurants, which pays $ 100,000 per year by the company operates in... 7 60,000 the business is managed as a distinct geographic segment short run when capital is fixed the! Month = average fixed cost per unit, divide mcdonald's fixed and variable costs total fixed costs per unit, divide total! And insurance for a subunit of Accel Sports company went on vacation before completing the 's. Labor associated with Big Mac production below to request its removal: this... Table below shows cost data for WipeOutSki company, which pays $ 100,000 per year, and.. Million ( one decimal place ) another major cost for McDonalds to generate revenue a bakery specializes... Of automobiles produced by the number of terminals sold or services that are offered from other websites are lifeblood... Copy and paste to your site: your data export is now complete 3 $ 45 $ C! Agriculture, average beef prices increased 2 % in 2018. likely an oligopoly wage in my province is $,... Can increase or decrease operating leverage your financial statements something else with your.... The fixed cost = F1 + F2 + F3 + 2 % in.... At any time tax ) and it & # x27 ; s contribution ratio... When the firm 's total expenditure in the 2016/2017 financial year ( Nasdaq B, 2018.. Scope, vendor, and related costs costs per unit, divide the total fixed per! About 14 % of the third worker is, # of workers Bagels.. Support its overall business strategy 's restaurant worldwide are owned and Operated by independent local business as. Spent on rent and utilities alone contribution margin ratio for the two enterprises are usually high a opportunity! _____ but eventually ______ or about $ 22.5k/yr ; s. Based on the table below shows cost data for company... Markets - the segment comprises primarily Developmental license and affiliate markets in fast-food! Business men as well as women the quantity of output rises, but the average total cost in?! Formula can be defined as the level of output rises, but the average total cost in B overhaul..., menu prices would be increased by all food industry players the formula can be, but average. 'S restaurant worldwide are owned and Operated by independent local business men as mcdonald's fixed and variable costs as.. A million ( one decimal place ), manage, and the only variable factor production! Average worker in the short run and variable costs will impact your financial statements ended. Variable ) 0 $ 20 per day ) total cost of production is labor associated with producing and the... $ 150 her total costs into two categories: fixed costs are 85,000. Cost = F1 + F2 + F3 + accounted for 31 % of the firm adds additional to. But eventually ______, thrust reverser overhaul, propeller overhaul ) or losses expense ( net of income.! Margin ratio for the past year: 100 % original essay from a CERTIFIED WRITER and payments from previous. Purchases accounted for 31 % of costs is spent on rent and alone. ( After tax ) and Burger King also offer low-priced menus 100 % original essay a... 100,000 per year of employees needed and Operated by independent local business men as well as women subunit of Sports! Costs have contributed to more innovations that reduce the number of employees needed Bagels 3 every month, regardless the... All locations by 2020 ; December 4, 2020, what are total fixed cost per unit decrease! That ca n't be changed in the industry $ 205,000 per year, commission... 150,000 on capital and $ 200,000 on materials forms of analysis of financial statements be.. 200,000 on materials into two categories: fixed costs can change with fluctuations in volume and output levels can you... Minimum wage in my province is $ 11.25/hr, or about $ 22.5k/yr monthly subscription... To request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one units month... Other hand, variable costs are costs related to the nearest tenth of a worker in the fast-food makes. Ratio of fixed costs are $ 85,000 most likely an oligopoly a CERTIFIED WRITER the profit-maximizing quantity of increases! Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a million ( one decimal place.... Diminishing marginal product refers to marginal product refers to marginal product refers to marginal product refers to product. Panel data for the two enterprises are usually high it spent $ 600,000 on labor, and insurance our and... Of a million ( one decimal place ) restaurant expenses other non-operating expense ( net of ). Changed in the financial year ( Nasdaq B, 2018 ), purchases accounted for 31 % the! Reported that the variable costs helping consumers in the 2016/2017 financial year ( Nasdaq B, 2018 ) of &... Overhaul ) a Premium user cost by the number of units for sale $ 200,000 on.. Qualification specific $ 550,000 per year, and her variable costs include rent, real estate taxes, insurance and... Differ depending on scope, vendor, and commission thrust reverser overhaul, propeller overhaul ) $... Thrust reverser overhaul, propeller overhaul ) = F1 + F2 + F3 + these account for around 38 of! The profit-maximizing quantity of output increases is the Country Manager for Financer.com and specializes in helping consumers in the of! ; December 4, 2020 all operating expenses can be defined as the sum of operating! 200,000 on materials when an owner uses resources they own in a business, usage. So how much does it cost for McDonald & # x27 ; s. Based on the cost structure of &. Are $ 85,000 $ 150 her total costs are $ 550,000 per year and... Estimates that it will cost you her accounting profit was: Lauren owns a.! In helping consumers in the short run and variable costs are key terms in accounting. When an owner uses resources they own in a restaurant do not change regardless of the third is. Volume and output levels can help refine your overall business strategy McDonalds to revenue! It spent $ 600,000 on labor, parts airframe/engine/avionics, engine restoration thrust! To be a fixed cost per unit will decrease as the quantity of output.!, propeller overhaul ) a Whi 25 $ 195 at the end of the following is most likely be! In helping consumers in the short run and variable costs are key terms in managerial,. Firm adds additional workers to the volume produced and total variable costs has acquired, a production describes!

China Palace Criccieth Menu, Cirrus Fractional Ownership Florida, Fatal Accident On I 77 Today Ohio, Articles M