Two of the four Gospels were written by members of Christs original twelve disciples, making a total of four Gospels. But just as every parent today would be proud to have a son or daughter do much more education to become a high-status medical doctor or professor, Jewish parents would desire their boys to be selected for Rabbinic training. The Bible tells us that Peter had a wife when Jesus cured his mother-in-law, according to Matthew 8:14-15. Jeremiah 23:5-6 He would be David's kingly heir. I am definitely not an expert on this question, but I have read a number of speculations by different authors on this subject. He is traditionally regarded as the author of the Gospel of Matthew. Theyd be told to collect a specified amount of money, but they could tell people they owed a different amount, and they had no power to dispute it. Papias of Hierapolis, who was referenced byEusebius of Caesarea inChurch History, provides the first indication that he may have authored it: So then Matthew penned the oracles in the Hebrew tongue, and every one interpreted them as he was able. A similar claim was made by Irenaeus in his work Against Heresies, which was published between 130 and 202 AD. Another important thing to remember is that John lived until at least AD96, when the book of Revelation was published, which is 66 years after Jesus death and resurrection. Peter was the only one who had been married that was known to have existed. You will notice that there was no reply this time; there was simply distress, and because Matthews account moves on to a different scenario directly after this paragraph, we should feel the weight of this essential pause at the end of this verse in Matthew 17:22-23 (ESV): In Galilee, while they were assembling, Jesus appeared to them and told them, The Son of Man is going to be put into the hands of mankind, and they will murder him, and he will be risen on the third day. And they were in a great deal of anguish. He was anti-religious in his views. Matthew was beaten by two . What bolsters this case is the educational pathway of that time. The Gospel of Matthew talks about money in more detail and greater frequency than the other gospelssimilar to how the Gospel of Luke, written by Luke the physician, includes greater detail about ailments and uses precise medical terminology. When he entered the town, he was met by a small delegation of Jewish elders. In order for him to teach in the Temple area in Jerusalem, he would have had to have a pedigree that allowed it. You . Especially since hes talking about a text that was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic, and the Gospel of Matthew appears to have been originally written in Greek, not translated into it. While there are credible arguments against his authorship, no alternative writer has been named. Tax collectors were sinners by trade, liars and cheats who lied and cheated their way into wealth while stealing even the lowest of their fellow citizens. He left behind the source of his riches; he left his position of security and comfort for traveling, hardship, and eventual martyrdom; he left his old life for a new life with Jesus. You will be able to see your next lesson in 10 seconds. Matthew, whose fathers name was Alphaeus (Mark 2:14), was known by the name Levi before being called by Jesus to follow him. This tax collector was reviled for who he was, but Jesus loved him for who he was. When He went ashore, He saw a large crowd, and felt compassion for them and healed their sick. Ultimately, without a byline, we cant confirm or deny who wrote the Gospel of Matthew. He was inspired by the Holy Spirit and learned from Jesus brilliance by actually walking with Him and learning from His teaching. 4:18, Jesus was walking by the Sea of Galilee and He sees Simon Peter and Andrew as they were fishing. Young John, perhaps 15 during the life of Jesus, would be only 85 if he wrote his gospel, letters and Revelation in the year 100. Do you want to be a student or a teacher? CHRIST ASSOCIATES WITH SINNERS TO HELP THEM. When he authored the Gospel of Matthew some 20 years later, he was able to draw on such characteristics. The Christian Bible is filled with writings outlining the right methods to follow Christs teachings, yet just four narratives of Christs life and death are included in the book of Matthew. Home PhilosophyReligion Personages associated with religion Scholars Saints Popesapostle Alternative titles include: Levi, St. Matthew the Apostle, and St. Matthew the Evangelist are all names for the same person. As a Jew, entering this profession amounted to a betrayal of his people, which was difficult to swallow. First and foremost, according to Scripture, Jesus was around 30 years old when He began His public ministry (Luke 3:23). They would be instructed to collect a specific amount of money, but they would be able to convince individuals that they owed a different amount, and they would have no ability to contest the amount they said they owed. Matthew was a tax collector. Fun fact: As a tax collector, Matthew wouldve presumably been great with money, and modern readers would think hed be an ideal candidate for the groups official treasurer. But given the reputation of tax collectors in first-century Judaism, that wouldve been a bad move politicallywhich might be why the disciples gave the job to a guy named Judas Iscariot. He completed a Th.M. As the author of the Gospel of Matthew, he has historically been recognized as such. Some argue that Matthews role as an eyewitness is evidence that he didnt write the Gospel of Matthew. The disciples were most likely not middle-aged men, as shown in historical films and even in the most recent television miniseries, The Bible, which is currently showing. In the time of Jesus, a Jewish male could only marry after reaching the age of eighteen. This ritual was an obligatory ceremony for firstborn boys according to the Law of Moses. We know that a number of them had well-established occupations, such as fisherman (Peter, Andrew, James, and John) or tax collector (James and John) (Matthew). 2 While they watched, Jesus was changed. We cant be definite that he was born in the first century since we dont know how old he was when he encountered Jesus, but we can be confident that he lived throughout that time period. The Bible states that these two men weren't just . God has the ability to utilize anybody to assist him in his job. Matthew was living in the area of Capernaum, a city on the northern coast of the Sea of Galilee, when Jesus called him. Not only do we read the recorded interaction between Jesus and His followers, but as we read the tale, our gaze is drawn to the cross and the resurrection of Jesus Christ as well. Many of the Jewish elders were perplexed by this and raised their eyebrows. If Peter had children, it would have been wise for the gospel authors not to mention them for their safety. After seeing this final miracle, the king and his kingdom of man-eaters come to realize the one true God and place their trust in Jesus as their Savior. Jesus likens him to a person bringing forth treasures new and oldthe old being those acquired as a tax collector (such as gifts for accuracy and organization), the new being Jesus teachings; about the kingdom of heaven. As a man doubly equipped, Matthew is now ready for further scribal activitythe writing of the book that bears his name. Walter A. Elwell and B.J. The fact that you are a young disciple does not affect the truth of the Gospel. There are a few counter arguments, but the main one is that the early church claimed John Mark wrote down Peters account of Jesus ministry . Although born in Bethlehem, according to Matthew and Luke, Jesus was a Galilean from Nazareth, a village near Sepphoris, one of the two major cities of Galilee ( Tiberias was the other). (Of course, the ages are approximate.) When Jesus called Matthew to follow him, he was a tax collector (or "publican")one of the most reviled professions in ancient Judaism. 10. T he horrific killing of Matthew Shepard in 1998 is widely seen as one of the worst anti-gay hate crimes in American history. Matthew 8:14 mentions his infirm mother-in-law, who was a sick woman. In John 1:40-42, Andrew goes and gets Simon Peter and they follow Jesus. St. Matthew, also called St. Matthew the Evangelist, St. Matthew the Apostle, or Levi, (flourished 1st century ce, Palestine; Western feast day September 21, Eastern feast day November 16), one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and the traditional author of the first Synoptic Gospel (the Gospel According to Matthew ). By the time they arrived at their final objective of Jerusalem, which they were well on their way there, the time for these occurrences would have come. He didnt dither, and he didnt even bother to glance back. Then Jesus puts Matthew in with the rest of the sinners, as follows: On hearing this, Jesus responded, It is the ill who require medical attention, not the healthy. Peter is the exception to this, but because his brother Andrew is not married, and theyre working with James and John (Luke 5:10 perhaps their two families have a joint business venture), it stands to reason they are roughly the same age. Andrew, Peter, James and John, the sons of Zebedee, worked as fishermen. St. Matthew, also known as St. Matthew the Evangelist, St. Matthew the Apostle, or Levi, (lived in the first centuryce in Palestine; Western feast day September 21, Eastern feast day November 16), was one of the Twelve Apostles ofJesus Christ and the traditional author of the firstSynoptic Gospel (theGospel According to Matthew). When he was chosen by Jesus to be one of His apostles, Matthew left this prominent and well-paying profession. According to Matthew, who was an eyewitness to Jesus life, the tale of his birth, his message, and his numerous actions are all documented in the Gospel of Matthew since Matthew was an eyewitness to the Savior. They were religious outsiders, because the way they practiced their profession openly defied the Law of Moses. He is said to have carried out his ministry in Ethiopia (which is not the same as Ethiopia today, but a territory south of the Caspian Sea), Persia, Macedonia, and/or Syria according to the oldest accounts. He becomes an active follower/disciple of Jesus. 3 Then two men were there, talking with him. The Gospel of Matthew is typically attributed to Matthew, who is also known as the author of the book. Synopsis. Although the Bible declares that we are all sinners (Romans 3:23), the term sinner was reserved for the worst of the worst in ancient Judaism, such as tax collectors. The account recorded in the Gospel of Matthew has Jesus bestowing the name on Peter after the latter confesses, "You are the Christ, the son of . Again, this in itself does not clinch the matter. No, Matthew wasnt a shady writer in the traditional sense. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke all include much of the same materialmiracles, teachings, sayingsand for this reason are similar. Matthew is mentioned in Matthew 9:9 and Matthew 10:3 as a tax collector who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in Capernaum, was called to follow Jesus. The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Lexham, England). Become a member today. He understood King David's advice found in Psalm 37: "Delight yourself in the LORD, and He shall give you the desires of your heart. Its a great introduction to the Bible. Anyone who has done fishing knows that it can be hit and miss while out one the waters. Young men began their studies with a Rabbi when they were 12 to 30 years old, although they normally started when they were fewer than 20 years old, according to Jewish tradition. He is reported by Luke to still be alive when Jesus was around 12 years old in Luke 2:41-42. Third and last point: Jesus prophecies about His own death and resurrection add to the dramatic tension of this most ultimate of redemption stories. Scripture refers to the offering of a pair of doves or . The Matthew recorded in the gospels as being a disciple of Jesus would of course have met him. How did Luke know what Jesus said in the garden if the apostles were asleep? Matthew, also called Levi, was the tax collector who Jesus called to follow Him in Luke 5:27 (also mentioned in Matthew 10:3), though he doesn't get much mention after that, except. Matthew 18:11-13. Interestingly, neither Mark nor Luke specifically identify the disciple Matthew as a tax collector; instead, we must conclude that Levi the tax collector (Mark 3:18 and Luke 6:15) is the disciple Matthew. Jesus had walked down from the brow of the low mountain outside of Capernaum, his adopted home ( Matthew 4:12-16 ). . Youd have to be completely convinced that Jesus is who He claims to be, that His is the only path to genuine life, and that its definitely worth it to push through the muck and gloom in order to see the beauty. Peter, Prince of the Apostles. The joke was met with a major backlash online. St. Peter was a fisherman by trade. Matthew 8:14 mentions his infirm mother-in-law, who was a sick woman. Only one (and its analogues) provides us with any significant information about him. When Jesus summoned Matthew to follow him, he was working as a tax collector (also known as a publican), which was considered one of the most despised occupations in ancient Judaism. 00:00 36:02. . Matthew was one of the tax collectors whom Jesus saved. This brings us to the conclusion that he was 33 - 35 when Jesus died and that 33 A.D is the most probable year of his death. Matthew is regarded as one of the Four Evangelists of the New Testament. What will happen to Matthew for the rest of his life is undetermined. Matthew, who was also known as Levi, was a minor character in the Bible; he is only referenced by name in the lists of apostles and in the story of his calling. This is supported by the educational tradition of the period. Over 30,000 video lesson and teaching resources are available in one convenient location. But thats not the case for the Acts and Martyrdom of St. Matthew. Notes for Class: Apologetics, Biblical Criticism and Inspiration, 2010 International Christian Evidences Conference. Others suggest this person was originally named Levi, but that Jesus called him Matthew (similar to Simon, who Jesus named Peter). According to the early church fathers, he was burnt, stoned, stabbed, or beheaded for his religious beliefs. After Jesus calls him, Matthew hosts a gathering at his house, and as he and his unsavory companions dine with Jesus, the Pharisees ask why Jesus eats with tax collectors and sinners (Matthew 9:11). Levi did this promptly. In his commentary on the New Testament, Clement of Alexandria quotes Heracleon, one of the earliest commentators, as saying that Matthew died naturally: But neither will this utterance be found to have been spoken universally; for all the saved have confessed in accordance with the confession made by the voice, and have departed. Among them are Matthew, Philip, Thomas, Levi, and a host of other individuals. Stromata is a slang term for a woman who is pregnant. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications 7 (1) (12). According to the Gospels, it appears that a handful of Jesus initial disciples changed their names after becoming followers of Jesus (remember that Simon becomes Peter). Most scholars today believe that Papias is actually not referring to what we know as the Gospel of Matthew. This prophecy of His own death and resurrection aimed to let people recognize Him as Christ in the proper light, for to confess Him as Christ while denying Him the cross would be to have incorrect expectations of what He was capable of. Matthews Gospel points us in the right way in this regard. Matthew is a mysterious apostle, and well take a look at what the Bible has to say about him, what we know about the gospel that carries his name, and some other interesting facts about him. Later apocryphal texts emerged claiming to be written by him, and some early church fathers supported these texts, but the works only survive in fragments and quotations, and modern scholarship is divided on their authorship. Jasmine A.L. He is an eyewitness of Jesus Christ's ascension. 2003. When Jesus' resurrection happened why did he appear to his apostles first? Lebanon Baptist Church: Join us for our Sunday Morning Service with. The children had a forceful mother called Salome, who insisted on arranging where they would sit at the dinner table with Jesus. Now, God, Himself, will dwell with the people . Matthew, on the other hand, goes on to describe two further events in which Jesus disclosed these truths to His followers. Read An Excerpt . As a tax collector, Matthews job wouldve involved meticulously recording and documenting tax information. On the other side there was a garden, and he and his disciples went into it. On the basis of Lukes specific aging in 3:23, everyone accepts that Jesus was around 30 years old throughout his ministry. Disciples come in two sexes, male and female. Hardcover, 304 pages. "The evidence from Josephus suggests that it was not until about 68 C.E. Wait There Were How Many Herods?! He is also listed among the twelve, but without identification of his background, in Mark 3:18, Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13. Aside from a handful of mentions in the gospels, he's a surprisingly obscure New Testament figure. Were going to look at what the Bible says about Matthew, what we know about the gospel that bears his name, and some other tidbits about this enigmatic apostle. The only people who saw more of who Jesus was and what he was capable of were Peter, James, and John. They were considered religious outcasts since the manner in which they carried out their profession publicly flouted the Law of Moses. However, some translations render scribe in Matthew 13:52 as teachers of the law, and in context, Jesus certainly seems to be talking about those with a religious backgroundhe speaks of angels separating the wicked from the righteous (Matthew 13:49)and it seems more likely that bringing out new treasures as well as hold would refer to their knowledge of the Law and the prophets in light of the gospel. These are the names of the twelve apostles: first Matthew 10:24 (New International Version) Fun fact: As a tax collector, Matthew wouldve undoubtedly been quite good with money, and modern readers might assume hed make an excellent candidate for the position of official treasurer for the ring of thieves. Many of these legendary accounts were pseudepigraphameaning they falsely claimed to be written by a well-known Christianand included miraculous events and Gnostic teachings. 3 Suddenly Moses and Elijah appeared before them, talking with Jesus. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. All the other early records of Matthews death claim he was martyred, but they disagree about how or where it happened. There are legends about his ministry, but no substantial records of his role in the early church. According to the Gospel of John, Jesus' mission to the Jews was highlighted by seven miraculous signs. As a result, the majority of the apostles would have been teens when Jesus asked them to join him. In John Foxes famous Book of Martyrs (first published in 1563), the entry for Matthew states: The scene of his labors was Parthia, and Ethiopia, in which latter country he suffered martyrdom, being slain with a halberd in the city of Nadabah, A.D. 60.. The term written can also refer to compiled, organized, or composed, depending on the context. On the other hand, before he met Jesus, Matthew was greedy. Interestingly, Matthew calls this person Matthew, and Mark and Luke call him Levi: As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collectors booth. 4 (2018): 55161. Scholars have speculated that all of them were less than 30 years old simply because they took the role of student to the "Rabbi" Jesus and this was traditional. But I suspect you mean in the flesh, so Matthew and John, yes. The Apostle Matthew, also known as Saint Matthew and Levi, was one of Jesus Christs twelve disciples and was born in the city of Nazareth. Answer (1 of 24): Well, yesspiritually, at least. One, it means that if most of the disciples are apprenticing at their trades when called, as in the case of James and John working in the family fishing business, they must have been older than 15. Matthews gospel appears to be greatly influenced by Marks gospel (which explains why there are so many comparable passages), yet the Gospel of Mark is thought to have been written by a man named John Mark, who was not an eyewitness to the events in the Gospel of Mark. However, they all ultimately offer a different portrait of Jesus. His Story from the Bible Zacchaeus was a tax collector of the city Jericho and learned that Jesus the prophet was passing through the city. (Lk 24:13-31) He said, "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God." (Mt 16:16) This man thought Jesus was the Son of God because Jesus told him, "I saw you under the fig tree." (Jn 1:48-50) They . When we get to this third section at Redemption Church, as we continue our journey through Matthew, we will be officially kicking off Lent as a community of believers. *shrug* Aside from that, Matthew devotes a significant amount of favorable attention to Peter in his gospel. Matthew, however, was the only one of the four Gospel writers who presented Jesus to the Jews as the long-awaited Messiah, customizing his tale to satisfy their questions. His presence in the New Testament is remarkable, given that he only appears in a handful of places in the gospels and other writings. At that time Matthew's name was Levi; he was the son of Alphaeus. His face shone like the sun, and His clothes became as white as the light. It comes from the Greek word evangelion, meaning good news. These four writers proclaimed the good news of Jesus Christ with their writings. New Testament citations: John 1:29, John 1:36, John 19:33, John 19:36, 1 Corinthians 5:7-8, 1 Peter 1:19. Although it is not stated clearly in the Bible, there are a few indicators that at least some of them were young possibly adolescents or in their early twenties when they died. In this case, the age of Christ is important since the information helps us understand the fulfillment of a prophecy in Jeremiah. Following the death and resurrection of Jesus, according to tradition, he preached for 15 years in Jerusalem before embarking on a missionary journey to various places across the world. His face became bright like the sun. In fact, the age for following a Rabbi was considerably less than 30 years oldprobably less than 20. Why? Follow me, Jesus said to him, and Levi got up, left everything and followed him. Luke 5:2728. So, how old were they when they died? He completed graduate work at Johns Hopkins University, receiving a Masters Degree in Near Eastern Studies in 1979. . Jesus twelve disciples were virtually all under the age of eighteen, with some as young as fifteen, which suggests that they were in their early teens. The betrayal and execution of Jesus would be gruesome, with beatings, blood, and a crucifixion among the many horrors that would befall him. Here are a few biblical indices of youth development: In Matthew 11:25, Luke 10:21, and John 13:33, Jesus refers to his followers as little ones, referring to them as children. In most cases, a young mans discipleship instruction under the supervision of a rabbi begins between the ages of 13 and 15. Remember also that Jesus nicknamed them Sons of Thunder because they were probably either loud or bold, characteristics of youth. Was walking by the Sea of Galilee and he didnt write the Gospel of Matthew of. His adopted home ( Matthew 4:12-16 ) of mentions in the flesh so... Simon Peter and Andrew as they were fishing was the son of Alphaeus forceful mother called Salome, was! While out one the waters Hopkins University, receiving a Masters Degree in Near Eastern Studies in.... 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